\title{studies on safety of inhaled medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease}
\description{results from 41 trials examining the safety of inhaled medications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.}
\bold{id}         \tab \code{integer}   \tab study id \cr
\bold{treatment}  \tab \code{character} \tab treatment \cr
\bold{death}      \tab \code{integer}   \tab mortality \cr
\bold{randomized} \tab \code{integer}   \tab number of individuals
this network meta-analysis compared the safety of inhaled medications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (dong et al., 2013).
mortality was reported in 41 randomized trials, with a total of 52 462 patients. mortality was low, with 2 408 deaths (4.6\%) reported across all studies. there were nine studies that reported zero events in at least one of the treatment arms and three additional studies had zero events in all treatment arms.
this dataset was used in efthimiou et al. (2019) to illustrate the mantel-haenszel method for network meta-analysis.
dong, y.-h., lin, h.-h., shau, w.-y., wu, y.-c., chang, c.-h., & lai, m.-s. (2013). comparative safety of inhaled medications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. \emph{thorax}, \bold{68}(1), 48--56. \verb{https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-201926}
efthimiou, o., rücker, g., schwarzer, g., higgins, j., egger, m., & salanti, g. (2019). a mantel-haenszel model for network meta-analysis of rare events. \emph{statistics in medicine}, \bold{38}(16), 2992--3012. \verb{https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8158}
### show first 6 rows / 3 studies of the dataset
pw <- pairwise(treatment, death, randomized, studlab = id,
### calculated log odds ratios (te) and standard errors (sete)
### conduct mantel-haenszel network meta-analysis (nma)
netgraph(net, seq = "optimal", col = "black", plastic = false,
points = true, pch = 21, cex.points = 3, col.points = "black",
bg.points = "gray", thickness = "se.fixed",
### show results for mantel-haenszel nma
### league table with network estimates in lower triangle and direct
print(netsplit(net), show = "both", ci = true, overall = false,