\title{studies on the relationship between conscientiousness and medication adherence}
\description{results from 16 studies on the correlation between conscientiousness and medication adherence.}
\bold{authors}   \tab \code{character} \tab study authors \cr
\bold{ni}        \tab \code{numeric}   \tab sample size of the study \cr
\bold{ri}        \tab \code{numeric}   \tab observed correlation \cr
\bold{controls}  \tab \code{character} \tab number of variables controlled for \cr
\bold{design}    \tab \code{character} \tab whether a cross-sectional or prospective design was used \cr
\bold{a_measure} \tab \code{character} \tab type of adherence measure (self-report or other) \cr
\bold{c_measure} \tab \code{character} \tab type of conscientiousness measure (neo or other) \cr
\bold{meanage}   \tab \code{numeric}   \tab mean age of the sample \cr
\bold{quality}   \tab \code{numeric}   \tab methodological quality
conscientiousness, one of the big-5 personality traits, can be defined as \dquote{socially prescribed impulse control that facilitates task- and goal-directed behaviour, such as thinking before acting, delaying gratification, following norms and rules and planning, organising and prioritising tasks} (john & srivastava, 1999). conscientiousness has been shown to be related to a number of health-related behaviors (e.g., tobacco/alcohol/drug use, diet and activity patterns, risky behaviors). a recent meta-analysis by molloy et al. (2014) examined to what extent conscientiousness is related to medication adherence, that is, the extent to which (typically chronically ill) patients follow a prescribed medication regimen (e.g., taking a daily dose of a cholesterol lowering drug in patients with high ldl serum cholesterol levels). the results from the 16 studies included in this meta-analysis are provided in this dataset.
variable \code{a_measure} indicates whether adherence was measured based on self-reports or a more \squote{objective} measure (e.g., electronic monitoring of pill bottle openings, pill counts). variable \code{c_measure} indicates whether conscientiousness was measured with some version of the neo personality inventory or some other scale. methodological quality was scored by the authors on a 1 to 4 scale with higher scores indicating higher quality (see article for details on how this score was derived).
molloy, g. j., o'carroll, r. e., & ferguson, e. (2014). conscientiousness and medication adherence: a meta-analysis. \emph{annals of behavioral medicine}, \bold{47}(1), 92--101. \verb{https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9524-4}
john, o. p., & srivastava, s. (1999). the big five trait taxonomy: history, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. in l. a. pervin & o. p. john (eds.), \emph{handbook of personality: theory and research} (2nd ed., pp. 102-138). new york: guilford press.
dat <- escalc(measure="zcor", ri=ri, ni=ni, data=dat, slab=paste(authors, year, sep=", "))